Montreal Dickens Fellowship Study Questions: “Hard Times”
February 1, 2022
Book II, Chapters 3 - 7
- Dickens describes union leaders as cunning, emotional and dishonest, while he portrays the workers as simple, honest, solid and sensible. Even his physical descriptions of them reveal his anti-union stance. Comparing the union leaders to his hated evangelists goes further to convey his message. Comment.
- What do you think of Stephen’s plea to his fellow workers that those who do not wish to go on strike should be allowed to continue working? (I.e. cross the picket lines)
- Why did Stephen choose not to go on strike? Was it reasonable in your opinion, given that he agreed with the workers’ demands?
- What do you think of Dickens’s “double standard” that allows him to have a mistress while separated from his wife, but denies Stephen happiness with Rachel? Do you think Dickens could have written “Hard Times” after his separation from Catherine?
- Dickens, as narrator, “comes out” of his story to warn the reader directly of the dangers of Utilitarianism. He warns that without giving the workers hope or recreation, society is setting the stage for violence and revolution. Discuss this literary technique. Do you \ind it preachy? Doesn’t his narrative speak for itself? Discuss.
- Why does Stephen agree to loiter outside the bank? Does his honesty make him naıv̈ e to others’ dishonesty?
- How does James Harthouse’s lack of earnestness make him a prime candidate for the “Facts” party. Compare him to Mr. Gradgrind as a suitable Parliamentarian.
- Do you think that this novel’s relative lack of humor and its repetitive message makes it a hard read? Why? Why not?
- Do you know anyone like Mr. Bounderby (in life or in \iction) who always is drawing attention to their “rags to riches” story and harping on the “bad olddays”? (Compare and contrast him to Uriah Heep who takes great pride in his lack of pride and humble beginnings)
- Many scenes in this novel resemble theatrical tableaux. Comment on the theatricality of this work, given Dickens love for the stage.
- Do you think James Harthouse has any real feelings for Louisa? She for him?